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How It Works · 5 min read

How Reverse Mortgage Proceeds Are Calculated
The PLF Formula — In Plain English

JP Dauber, Reverse Mortgage Specialist

JP Dauber · Licensed HECM Specialist

NMLS# 386298 · Published June 29, 2026

Illustrated diagram showing how reverse mortgages work

What are the three PLF inputs?

Your age

The youngest borrower (or NBS) age. Older = higher PLF. A 62-year-old might get a PLF of 0.38. An 80-year-old might get 0.58.

Home value

Appraised value, capped at the FHA lending limit ($1,249,125 in 2026). Higher value = higher dollar amount, though the PLF percentage stays the same.

Expected interest rate

For adjustable-rate HECMs: the 10-year swap rate + lender margin. For fixed-rate: the note rate. Lower rate = higher PLF.

The formula in plain English

Here's the calculation in four steps:

Step 1: Determine the Maximum Claim Amount (MCA) = lesser of appraised value or $1,249,125

Step 2: Look up the PLF based on age + expected rate (from HUD's tables)

Step 3: Principal Limit = MCA × PLF

Step 4: Net proceeds = Principal Limit − closing costs − existing mortgage payoff

Example: if your home appraises at $400,000 and your PLF is 0.50, your principal limit is $200,000. After closing costs (~$12,000) and paying off an existing $80,000 mortgage, your net available proceeds are approximately $108,000.

How do age and rates interact in the PLF?

The PLF increases with age and decreases with higher rates. Here's an approximate range at different combinations:

Age
Expected Rate ~5.5%
Expected Rate ~7.0%
62
~45%
~38%
67
~49%
~42%
72
~53%
~47%
77
~58%
~52%
82
~63%
~57%

Approximate PLF percentages for illustration. Actual PLFs are published by HUD and vary with specific expected rates. Use our calculator for a personalized estimate.

First-year draw limits

Even though the PLF determines your total principal limit, FHA limits how much you can draw in the first 12 months. For most borrowers, the initial draw cap is 60% of the principal limit. You can draw more if you have a mandatory obligation (like paying off an existing mortgage) — up to the mandatory amount plus 10% of the principal limit.

After year one, the remaining balance is available — either as a lump sum, ongoing draws from your line of credit, or monthly payments.

Three inputs, one number

The HECM calculation is straightforward once you understand the three inputs: age, home value, and interest rate. The PLF turns those into a dollar amount. Our free calculator does the math instantly — or reach out and I'll walk you through a detailed breakdown for your specific situation.

Keep reading

More on How It Works

Frequently Asked Questions

What does PLF stand for?

Principal Limit Factor. It's a decimal (like 0.52 or 0.47) that, multiplied by the lesser of your home value or the FHA lending limit, gives your maximum principal limit — the total amount the HECM can provide before closing costs.

Where can I find the current PLF tables?

HUD publishes PLF tables through mortgagee letters. They change when interest rates change significantly. Your lender uses the current tables at the time of your application. Our calculator gives you a good estimate.

Why does a younger spouse reduce the PLF?

The PLF is based on the youngest borrower's (or non-borrowing spouse's) age. A younger person has a longer expected loan duration, which means the HECM needs to last longer — so FHA allows less upfront.

Curious what you might qualify for?

Try our free HECM calculator — it takes 60 seconds and there's no obligation.

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